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Factors that affect the spread of epidemics

SCI W2

Discussion 2 – Concepts of Infectious Disease

Topic/Instructions

Read Chapter 2 first. Then come to this discussion.

I have set the discussion up around the general topic of Concepts of infectious disease. Since the chapter in the textbook is so full of important concepts, it would be difficult to narrow it down to a single topic for discussion. So I have posted this introduction and 5 separate subtopics.

Each student should choose one of these subtopics for your major post.

Take an active role in presenting this topic to the other students.

Explain the concept in your own words, or develop it further using a relevant example. You should then read the comments of other students in the other subtopics, and respond to at least one in every subtopic that has a primary comment in it. That allows you to develop one subtopic in an active sense, but learn about the others by being drawn into them through other people’s posts.

You should write well thought out primary comments on at least one of the points below (150-200 words). Then, you should make well thought-out comments to your classmates’ comments, at least one in every subtopic that is being developed.

Subtopic 1: Factors that affect the spread of epidemics – Part 1

Question: Explain the following statement:

Epidemiology is the Study of the relationship between an infectious agent and its host population

A balanced host/parasite relationship must exist:

The virus can deplete host, but if virus completely eliminates the host, it will become extinct.

Subtopic 2: Factors that affect the spread of epidemics – Part 2

Question: Explain how the interaction between these factors are relevant to the transmission of AIDS. For example, which of these factors are most critical to the transmission of HIV. Which aren’t.

1. Total number of hosts

2. Host’s birth rate

3. Rate at which new susceptible hosts migrate into population

4. Number of susceptible uninfected hosts

5. Rate at which disease can be transmitted from infected to uninfected hosts

6. Death rate of infected hosts

7. The number of infected hosts who survive and become immune or resistant to further infection

Subtopic 3: Acute versus Chronic Infections

implications of stem cell therapy and neurogenesis.  What could this mean for patients with nervous tissue injury and all of us as we age?

Neurogenesis and Stem Cell Use

Discussion: Neurogenesis and Stem Cell Use

For full credit on discussions, you  must address all questions to be considered (see instructions below).

It was the belief for many years that the cells of nervous tissue do not regenerate.  In other words, until the last decade, researchers felt that when a neuron died, it was not replaced.  Therefore, injury and/or damage  to nervous tissue was likely permanent.

In the last decade, researchers have learned that there are possible ways for patients who have suffered injuries to the nervous system to experience improvement.  One is through the use of stem cells, which are undifferentiated cells that can divide to make more stem cells and have the ability to specialize to become a wide variety of cells types.  The other discovery involves neurogeneisis, or formation of nervous tissue.  The idea of neurogenesis, and practices that will promote it, is also promising for us as we age, since neurons die as we age.

You will find look at two links in this module before responding to this discussion.  One is a blog that debunks the myth that neurons do not regenerate.  The other is a short news segment that introduces the use of stem cells to treat spinal cord injuries.

For this discussion, you will respond with your thoughts on the implications of stem cell therapy and neurogenesis.  What could this mean for patients with nervous tissue injury and all of us as we age?

Your response should be thoughtful and related to content.  This discussion is due no later than Friday.

Describe your biblical philosophy of personal coaching

Now is the time to put thought to paper.  Here you will want to flesh out those values that you wrote about in objective 3, by developing a biblical philosophy of personal coaching.  This document w

Now is the time to put thought to paper.  Here you will want to flesh out those values that you wrote about in objective 3, by developing a biblical philosophy of personal coaching.  This document will lay the groundwork for how you will approach the remainder of this course.

In preparation for the writing of this paper, you will want to reflect on this week’s discussions, and your assignment entry.  In addition, you will certainly want to scan the Scriptures for biblical examples of coaching.  All of this will help you develop your own, biblical philosophy of personal coaching.

  • Write a 2-3 page paper describing your biblical philosophy of personal coaching, elaborating on the values you identified in your assignment. Ensure the following points are addressed:
    • Describe your biblical philosophy of personal coaching.
    • Relate the values you discussed in the assignment to your biblical philosophy.
    • Discuss the ways in which biblical coaching values are relevant to current times.
  • Ensure that you use the Paper Writing rubric to guide your efforts and support your work with scholarly academic resources using APA format

Medical Research That Support Newborn Circumcision

Due on Friday 2pm eastern time March 03, 2017

Use this thread to post your thoughts about what you learned about the topic. The following are some talking points:  How did your previous learning in class help you to look at the topic more critically? What impact did learning more about the historical perspective of circumcision have on your beliefs?  Why do you think it has been so difficult to come up with a definitive “yes or no” reason to perform circumcision?  What does the medical community say about the necessity of newborn circumcision today?  How do cultural norms and religious views factor in? Feel free to express your educated opinion about circumcision. At least 50 words per question and references

Question 1

Medical Research That Does Not Support Newborn Circumcision

Actions for Medical Research That Does Not Support Newborn Circumcision

In this thread, post three research findings that refutes the medical necessity for performing newborn circumcision.  References must be from a credible source between 2012-2017, research must be paraphrased, and listed at the end of your reply.

Question 2

Medical Research That Support Newborn Circumcision

Actions for Medical Research That Support Newborn Circumcision

In this thread, post three research findings that support newborn circumcision.  References must be from a credible source between 2012-2017, research must be paraphrased, and listed at the end of your reply.

Question 3

Societal/Cultural and Religous Aspects of Circumcision

Actions for Societal/Cultural and Religous Aspects of Circumcision

Research and discuss the societal/cultural and religious aspects of circumcision.

Question 4

Historical Perspective of Circumcision

Actions for Historical Perspective of Circumcision

Research and discuss the topic of circumcision from a historical perspective…relate five important discoveries you made.  The definition of historical is any time before 1980.

How can most living organisms be classified in general systems theory?

1. All of the following are true about the nursing code of ethics except: 2. The nurse is assigned to see a home-bound client on a daily basis to prepare the client’s medications. The nurse fails t

1. All of the following are true about the nursing code of ethics except:

2. The nurse is assigned to see a home-bound client on a daily basis to prepare the client’s medications. The nurse fails to visit the client and does not request that another nurse visit the client. The client is later admitted to the hospital after taking the wrong dosage of medication. Which ethical concept does this situation reflect?

3. A client is held down by the nurse and forced to have a nasogastric tube placed. Which of the following could this represent?

4. When applying the nursing process, which of the following should always be addressed first?                                Assessment

5. How can most living organisms be classified in general systems theory?

6. Which of the following are the steps to the nursing process? select all that apply

Planning

Implementation

Diagnosis

Evaluation

Assess

7. What type of tort may occur if a client is not allowed to leave the hospital after receiving emergency care until the bill is paid?

8. Which of the following is the best substitute for self-determination if an individual is no longer competent to make their own health care decisions?

9. Does clinical reasoning and judgment require various ways of thinking in the role of a nurse?

10. A client complains of hip pain and requests pain medication. For the nurse to apply the nursing process, what would the nurse do next?

11. The client’s short term outcome was to walk in the hallway by the end of the day. The nurse reviews the client outcome, determines that it was not met, and modifies the interventions. Which phase of the nursing process is this?

12. Which of the following phases of the nursing process determines client problems, risks, and strengths?

13. What is another term that can be used for professional negligence?

14. An example of invasion of privacy would be:

15. The client must have a treatment requiring an informed consent. Whose role is it to review the proposed treatment and its associated risks with the client?

16. Team building, nurse retention, and patient satisfaction are all benefits of being sensitive to personality types.

17. Why is it important for nurses to understand and use a nursing theory or model in practice?

18. Which of the following theorists authored the Model of Goal Attainment?

19. A client suffered a ruptured appendix and had to have an open appendectomy. She is post-op day 1. She is able to perform many of her activities of daily living independently, such as wash her face, brush her teeth, feed herself, and reposition. However, she requires assistance to care for her indwelling urinary catheter, Jackson-Pratt drain, and change her dressing. Which of the following describes the level of care the nurse provides according to Orem’s self-care model?

20. What are the primary ethical issues involved in genetic research?

21. Which of the following would not be appropriate to chart?

22. Identify the four concepts that are common in most nursing theories.

23. You are teaching a group of senior citizens about the importance of getting their influenza and pneumonia vaccines. What type of intervention are you providing based on Neuman’s Health Care Systems Model?

24. Upon what ethical principle do supporters of assisted suicide base their support for the practice?

25. Which of the following does not describe critical thinking in nursing?

26. Which professional nursing organization wrote the Code of Ethics for Nurses?

27. This theorist states that even though you may be a novice now, with a solid educational base and many patient care experiences over time, you will one day become an expert.

28. A 16-year-old boy brought to the emergency room with a gunshot wound to the head is declared brain dead. His driver’s license identifies him as an organ donor, but the hospital staff is unable to locate his family for permission to take his organs. Another client in the same hospital will die within 24 hours without a heart transplant. The tissues of both clients match sufficiently for a transplant. What is the ethical course of action in this case?

29. Identify the situation in which a nurse would likely be charged with negligence.

30. Which situation is the nurse allowed to breech a client’s right of confidentiality?

31. Critical thinking can also be referred to as common sense.

32. The requirement that health-care providers do no harm to their clients is known as:

33. Identify the statement that is most accurate concerning middle range nursing theories.

34. Which of the following is the appropriate order in Benner’s stages of knowledge?

35. The nurse is caring for a client who is a kinesthetic learner. How would the nurse best approach teaching the client how to self-inject insulin before discharge?

36. What is the practice of allowing a client to die without the use of any extraordinary measures?

37. A 9-month-old baby who is developmentally delayed is tested for genetic abnormalities. After the results are back from the laboratory, a representative from the client’s medical insurance company calls the nurses’ station on the phone and asks for the results of the tests. How can the nurse best respond to this request?

38. What study advice would you provide to a visual learner?

39. The ethical principle which requires the health-care provider to tell the truth and not to deceive or mislead clients is known as:

40. Under which category are nursing licensure laws included?

41. What is the underlying legal concept that protects health-care professionals under the Good Samaritan Act?

42. A client complains of pain to the nurse. The nurse medicates the client as prescribed, but then fails to follow up and make sure the patient is no longer in pain. Which of the following ethical principles has the nurse failed to demonstrate?

43. Which of the following demonstrates the planning phase of the nursing process?

44. A nurse is providing a back rub to a client just after administering a pain medication to help decrease the client’s pain. Which phase of the nursing process is this nurse demonstrating?

45. An 18 -month-old infant is brought into the emergency room with several recent cigarette burns on his chest and legs. What is the nurse’s legal responsibility in this case?

46. Which of the following “rights” are based on a moral principle?

47. A client is in a coma and unable to make health-care decisions. Who should sign the informed consent for a non-emergent, scheduled surgery?

48. The processes used in ethical decision making include all of the following except:

49. Theory can be defined in nursing as which of the following?

50. The term tort refers to a violation of the civil law

What’s in a Name of an Ethics Code?

DISCUSSION 1

Read Consider: What’s in a Name of an Ethics Code? in Chapter 9 (look below), then answer these following questions from the text:

  • How does the title of a company’s ethics document affect your attitude about the content? Is one title more attractive than another?
  • What is the overall message that the title of the code of conduct conveys? Does it reflect the purpose of the document to provide employee guidance on expected conduct?
  • Propose creative titles for ethics codes for a pharmaceutical company and a restaurant. (Gonzalez-Padron, 2015).
  • Look for two other company ethics documents and share the titles of their ethics documents (consider your own organization or one that you are familiar with for this question).

(Consider: What’s in a Name of an Ethics Professional?

A review of the ECOA member listing shows some of the titles that may be used for ethics professionals:

    • Chief compliance officer
    • Chief ethics and compliance officer
    • Chief ethics officer
    • Chief risk, compliance and ethics officer
    • Vice president, corporate responsibility
    • Vice president, global compliance and ethics
    • Director of business conduct
    • Director of integrity, security and compliance
    • Director, corporate compliance and ethics
    • Director, ethics and integrity programs
    • Director, ethics and regulatory compliance
    • Senior manager, ethics and non-financial corporate policies and procedures
    • Senior manager, global ethics and compliance
    • Senior vice president, global [corporate social responsibility] and risk management
    • Manager, business integrity and compliance
    • Manager, ethics and employee issues

Questions to Consider

    1. Why does the ethics function vary among organizations? What company factors would lead to the wording of the ethics function?
    1. Which titles reflect a focus on compliance only? Which titles reflect a focus on ethics?
  1. Does a title provide sufficient authority to oversee an organization’s ethics program? Does the title of the ethics professional indicate a level of autonomy in addressing ethical issues?

DISCUSSION 2

e of Conduct in Medical Tourism

Medical Tourism has become a growing industry, especially in developing countries. Research the topic of medical tourism and reflect on the ethics related to this industry.  Develop a code of conduct for medical tourism.

Explain the classification system used in biology to organize living creatures

All questions must be answered in full sentences. Answers should be approximately 125 words each. Material should be taken from Biology: The core, Mastering Biology, discussions, and activities. Exp

All questions must be answered in full sentences. Answers should be approximately 125 words each.   Material should be taken from Biology: The core, Mastering Biology, discussions, and activities.

  1. Explain the classification system used in biology to organize living creatures. Pick two organisms from each Kingdom and explain why they are placed in that kingdom.
  2. There are four unique properties of water that make it central to life on earth. Explain, in detail, each of these four properties.
  3. Explain the forces and mechanisms that are at work making a Staphyloccus infection an increasingly serious health threat.
  4. Explain the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond.
  5. Compare the inputs and outputs of photosynthesis with the inputs and outputs of cellular respiration.
  6. What are the sex chromosomes and how do they differ between male and female?
  7. Compare the products of mitosis with the products of meiosis.
  8. Explain how reproductive barriers result in the development of different species.
  9. Explain why taking antibiotics helps cures “Strep throat”, but does not help cure the common cold or the flu.
  10. Explain how natural selection drives evolution.
  11. Describe the force that allows a “water strider” or “water walker” insect to stay on top of the water.

work will be original, unused and free of plagiarism.

The three definitions of microaggression

DISCUSSION

First, review the video “Microaggressions in Everyday Life.” This time, pay particular attention to: PLEASE CHECK ATTACHED FILE

  1. The three definitions of microaggression
  2. The forms and consequences of microaggressions
  3. Hidden messages they send to the target, and
  4. Ways to prevent using microaggressions

Read the following scenarios:

  1. Matt works as an early childhood specialist in the pediatric unit of a hospital. His latest “client” is 5 year-old Anh, a Vietnamese immigrant. Whenever Matt talks to her, she casts her eyes down. Her answers are short and her voice is very quiet. Today, Matt sits down next to Anh, brings his face close to the little girl’s, and says softly: “Why are you so quiet? We want to know what you think. Be more verbal! Look at me! What you think is important to us, you know. We want to get to know you better. You have to speak up more, okay?”
  2. Ann and Alejandro are coworkers in a preschool. Alejandro is a newcomer to the staff and Ann has been especially helpful these first months. During one of their shared lunch hours, Alejandro confesses: “You know, Ann, I did not think it would be so hard. I mean, I knew when they hired me that I would be the only Latino teacher. But now, I feel so lonely and, like, most of the others really don’t want anything to do with me.” Ann takes his hand and sighs: “I’m so sorry, Alejandro. And you know, as a woman, I know exactly what you go through, being a racial minority.”Now choose two scenarios and, referring to both, respond to these questions:
  1. Using the categories presented by Dr. Sue, what types of microaggression can you identify in the two scenarios you chose?
  2. What is the hidden “message” each of the targets of microaggression received, (i.e., what was implied but not said)?
  3. What power issues can you discern: Who had power over whom and in what ways? Who was marginalized and in what ways?
  4. Now choose one of the two remaining scenarios and imagine that you are the target of the microaggression: What emotions do you think you would experience?
  5. In what ways might knowledge about and refined awareness of microaggressions help you in your interactions with children and families?

How does the title of a company’s ethics document affect your attitude about the content?

DISCUSSION 1

Read Consider: What’s in a Name of an Ethics Code? in Chapter 9 (look below), then answer these following questions from the text:

  • How does the title of a company’s ethics document affect your attitude about the content? Is one title more attractive than another?
  • What is the overall message that the title of the code of conduct conveys? Does it reflect the purpose of the document to provide employee guidance on expected conduct?
  • Propose creative titles for ethics codes for a pharmaceutical company and a restaurant. (Gonzalez-Padron, 2015).
  • Look for two other company ethics documents and share the titles of their ethics documents (consider your own organization or one that you are familiar with for this question).

(Consider: What’s in a Name of an Ethics Professional?

A review of the ECOA member listing shows some of the titles that may be used for ethics professionals:

    • Chief compliance officer
    • Chief ethics and compliance officer
    • Chief ethics officer
    • Chief risk, compliance and ethics officer
    • Vice president, corporate responsibility
    • Vice president, global compliance and ethics
    • Director of business conduct
    • Director of integrity, security and compliance
    • Director, corporate compliance and ethics
    • Director, ethics and integrity programs
    • Director, ethics and regulatory compliance
    • Senior manager, ethics and non-financial corporate policies and procedures
    • Senior manager, global ethics and compliance
    • Senior vice president, global [corporate social responsibility] and risk management
    • Manager, business integrity and compliance
    • Manager, ethics and employee issues

Questions to Consider

    1. Why does the ethics function vary among organizations? What company factors would lead to the wording of the ethics function?
    1. Which titles reflect a focus on compliance only? Which titles reflect a focus on ethics?
  1. Does a title provide sufficient authority to oversee an organization’s ethics program? Does the title of the ethics professional indicate a level of autonomy in addressing ethical issues?

DISCUSSION 2

e of Conduct in Medical Tourism

Medical Tourism has become a growing industry, especially in developing countries. Research the topic of medical tourism and reflect on the ethics related to this industry.  Develop a code of conduct for medical tourism.

What are the limitations of Kotter’s model?

complete 6 pages excluding title and reference pages (Medicaid)

Assignment must be handled perfectly 

it’s due in 8 hours 

any help would be highly appriciated

Assignment Overview

For this assignment, you will continue analyzing the Medicaid case study, this time from the perspectives of the change process and types of interventions that the City, in partnership with the consulting firm, used to transform the NYC offices, as well as the resistance to change and the leadership strategies required to overcome it.

Required Reading

Isett, K. R., Glied, S. A., Sparer, M. S., & Brown, L. D. (2013). When Change Becomes Transformation. Public Management Review, 15(1), 1-17. doi:10.1080/14719037.2012.686230

Note: You will need to do additional research on the Medicaid offices in NYC to be able to complete this assignment.

Case Assignment

Drawing on the material in the required and background reading, prepare a 6-7 page paper (not including cover and reference pages) in which you:

Analyze the Medicaid Case Study using Kotter’s model for change. Specifically, what did or didn’t the City, in partnership with the consulting firm, do that followed or went against the model.

What types of interventions were used to “induce” change

What types of resistance to change were present? What did or didn’t the City and/or the consulting firm do that enabled them to overcome any resistance to change. .

Define the leadership strategies present to lead the change and overcome resistance.

What limitations does Kotter’s model have, and how did they manifest in this particular situation? What should be done to ensure that when using it they do not impact your analysis / change project?

Keys to the Assignment

The key aspects of this assignment that should be covered in your paper include:

Apply the Kotter Model of Change to analyze the case study.

Thoroughly examine the eight key areas of the model.

Summarize and analyze the nature of the interventions used to transform the Medicaid offices. Which are techno-structural? Human processual? Multi-faceted? Large group?

Identify individual sources of resistance to change and their causes

Identify structural sources of resistance to change and their causes

Evaluate the City / consulting firm’s leadership and the impact it had on overcoming the individual and structural barriers to change at Medicaid.

What else would you recommend be done to help avoid and/or overcome resistance to change at the Medicaid offices going forward?

What are the limitations of Kotter’s model? How would you recommend it be changed?

Required Reading

Aguirre, D., and Alpern, M. (2014).  10 principles of leading change management.  Organizations and People, (75).  Retrieved from http://www.strategy-business.com/article/00255?gko=9d35

Anderson, C.S. & Zaballero, A.G. (2015) Organization development and change models. In Zaballero, A.G., Corn, C.M. Haynes, C. Rothwell, W.J. Anderson, C.S. & Park, C.H. (eds) Organization Development Fundamentals: Managing Strategic Change. Alexandria, VA: Association For Talent Development. Chapter 2: pp 13-42

Appelbaum, S. H., Habashy, S., Malo, J., & Shafiq, H. (2012). Back to the future: Revisiting Kotter’s 1996 change model. The Journal of Management Development, 31(8), 764-782. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02621711211253231

Appreciative inquiry commons (n.d.). Retrieved from http://appreciativeinquiry.case.edu

Why Implementation matters. http://www.mckinsey.com/insights/operations/Why_implementation_matters#