brain-storm a commonality between art, literature, history, or philosophy with biology, and write an interpretive essay, suited for a museum-going audience with limited scientific background.

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“Natural History”, the magazine of the American Museum of Natural History, has commissioned you to write an essay in the tradition of Stephen Jay Gould’s column, “This View of Life”, relating evolutionary theory to an aspect of art, literature, history, philosophy or contemporary culture. The column, published monthly up through January, 2001, was based on musings of an evolutionary biologist who found analogies between evolutionary processes and diverse aspects of human culture.

For example, in one essay, “A Biological Homage to Mickey Mouse”, Gould likened the evolution of Mickey in drawings, to a reverse developmental process – where the later, most highly-evolved drawings of Mickey had the most infantile proportions, and the earliest drawings had the most adult proportions. The essay addressed how evolutionary principles are unconsciously interwoven in art.

Your task is to brain-storm a commonality between art, literature, history, or philosophy with biology, and write an interpretive essay, suited for a museum-going audience with limited scientific background.  Reading one of Gould’s essays will provide a model for this assignment.

-develop analogy between something biological and something contemporary (evolutionary theory or some other constant)

-how the compare and contrast over time ( i want to use something from psychology or philosophy)

This Idea Must Die: Scientific Theories that are Blocking Progress edited by John Brockman in 2014.

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Task

For this extra credit assignment, students will read short essays from the book, This Idea Must Die: Scientific Theories that are Blocking Progress edited by John Brockman in 2014.

Each year, Edge.com, a forum for thought advancement, poses a new question to exceptional scholars from various disciplines. In 2014, Laurie Santos, a professor of psychology at Yale University, posed the question, “What scientific idea is ready for retirement?” The prompt spurred 175 essays written by scholars ranging in expertise in fields such as anthropology, statistics, biology, computer science, philosophy and countless more. Below are 6 selected essays.

For this assignment, you may choose up to 4 essays to read and respond to. While the maximum number of essays you may respond to is 4, you may choose to only respond to 1, 2, or 3. In your responses, make sure you include what idea the author argues must die, why the idea must die, and how this idea is relevant to the field of biological anthropology by citing specific examples you have learned about in course material.

Download the assignment template here .

Here are the selected essays to choose from. Take a look at all of them and select your favorites or the articles that caught your attention most.

Anthropocentricity.pdf

Essentialism.pdf

Heights and Lengths and Areas of Rectangles.pdf

Human Evolutionary Exceptionalism.pdf

Natural Selection is the Only Engine of Evolution.pdf

Race.pdf

Urvogel.pdf

Each response will be worth 5 points, for a total of up to 20 points of extra credit. These extra credit points may be applied to an exam grade of your choice.

Analyze the social and cultural factors that can affect the drive state

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Question:          The Drive States: For this assignment, complete the following:     1.Choose one of the drive states—sleep, reproductive, or ingestive (eating)—that is most relevant to your professional interests or goals.  2.Look for peer-reviewed research articles on the topic. You will need at least three relevant resources      For the drive state you have selected, complete the following:  Describe the biological mechanisms involved in this drive.  Explain how the drive state affects behavior.•Analyze the social and cultural factors that can affect the drive state.  Analyze the ethical issues faced by researchers studying the drive state.  Choose a scenario from within your specialization- Clinical Psychology and describe how an individual’s problems with a drive state would impact his or her sphere of activity (for example, athlete, mental health client, employee, student, substance abuser client, professional colleague, a consultant’s client, et cetera). What evidence-based intervention or coping mechanism would you recommend?  Number of pages: 4-6.  At least 3 current scholarly or professional resources.

How did human nature interfere with their efforts? 

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1a – And the Band Played On

Topic/Instructions

View HBO movie titled, “And the Band Played On.” The movie is 140 minutes in length and stars Matthew Modine. This movie is a chronicle of how HIV/AIDS was researched and made public in America. Matthew Modine, stars as Dr. Don Francis, a researcher at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention who seeks to uncover the cause of a number of mysterious deaths. With little funding, not only must he fight the disease, but also fight a disinterested public, the government, the media and even the communities where the mysterious virus strikes hardest. But as the death toll mounts, public interest is stirred and Francis’ research becomes a desperate race against time.

 

You can view the movie on cable,Netflix or you can download the movie for free at the following link: https://vimeo.com/85778803 (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.

 

Write up a short commentary about one of the subtopics of the film that you found interesting. Please note that I’m not looking for a summary of the movie. I’m looking for your impression of the way it was dealt with by the characters. For example, what obstacles did the physicians, epidemiologists and other scientists meet with in trying to solve the mystery? How did human nature interfere with their efforts?

 

Potential topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

 

a.  how they realized that they had a potential epidemic on their hands,

 

b. what they went through to determine how it was transmitted.

 

c. what obstacles they went through to they tried to assemble the clues and data to solve the mystery.

 

d.  target populations,

 

e.  efforts by epidemiologists to tracking the disease transmission

 

f.  how the politics of science put road blocks into their efforts

 

g. identifying the viral microbes

 

h. government agency intervention

 

i.  eliminating the HIV virus from the blood banks

 

j.  human emotions.

 

Create your own thread, and write your posts (150-200 words).  Be prepared to manage the discussion that sprouts from your own post, and write meaningful replies to at least two classmates’ posts.

 

 

1b.AIDS – Basic Question and Answers

Species and Scientific Correction

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“Species and Scientific Correction”

Note: Online students, please respond to one (1) of the following three (3) bulleted options.

  • Imagine you are explaining to a friend what the term species means. In your own words define the term species then provide three (3) examples of different species. Next determine three (3) ways that species within a genus are often related to one another. Furthermore, in your response briefly describe how the word “related” is being used when discussing species and genus.
  • Go to The Economist Website to read the article titled “Beetles and Bugs”, dated July 18, 2015, located here. Choose three (3) main points you found interesting in the article then summarize each of your chosen main points including in your summary connections made to the material covered in Chapter 1 of your textbook. Provide examples of the connections in your response.
  • Science is believed to be self-correcting. A 2010 article from Psychology Today entitled, “Why science is self-conducting”, argues that scientific misconduct is the rationale for science correction. View this article, which is found here then summarize the main points of the article you found most significant. Next in your response take a stance as to whether or not you believe that science is self-correcting. Be sure to provide support for your stance. Lastly, discuss three (3) reasons why you believe or do not believe that self-correcting science or disproven theories are good for science Justify your response.

Are you a night owl or a lark?

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Are you a night owl or a lark? Take the quiz here and share the results: http://www.proprofs.com/quiz-school/story.php?title=are-you-lark–owl_1.
We each have different preferences for when we go to sleep and when we wake up. Research suggests that about 10% of the population is morning people and 20% are night owls, with the rest of the population somewhere in between. This preference may be influenced by our genes, and relationships have been found between an individual’s chronotype (morning person or night person) and patterns of secretion of the stress hormone cortisol. Do you think your chronotype helps you be more or less productive? Do you think there are any ill effects on your health or social life due to your sleep patterns?
https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-scientific-fundamentalist/201005/why-night-owls-are-more-intelligent-morning-larks
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/10/23/night-owl-benefits_n_5877272.html

Discussion post should be at least 400 words. Answer each question with detail.

What questions do you have that could help your peers’ clarify the themes in their literature?

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As we mentioned in the introduction, Bloom’s Taxonomy is a model developed by educational psychologists to help categorize learning. For this unit and your Unit 7 assignment, you are using this model to improve the cognitive complexity of your thinking and support your synthesis of the psychology relevant to your interests in the field. Let’s share the insights we gathered about using the taxonomy in this discussion. Use your completed work from the discussion preparation study to respond to the following questions:

*What does synthesize mean within the context of Bloom’s Taxonomy and Granello’s article?

*What patterns have you started to identify from reading your research articles so far?

*What strategies will you use to ensure you meet the expectations for synthesis within your paper?

If you have any trouble understanding Bloom’s Taxonomy or the strategies in the Granello article, use this discussion to receive support from your peers and instructor to work through your challenges.

Response Guidelines

Read your peers’ discussion posts and respond to at least two of them.

*What questions do you have that could help your peers’ clarify the themes in their literature?

*What strategies or insights can you share to help your peers’ understand Bloom’s model better and apply it to their assignment?

Be sure to provide substantive responses to help your peers build on their learning and reference any relevant assigned readings, additional resources, or professional literature to support your response.

Stress and the Cardiovascular and Digestive Systems

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Module 4 – SLP

Stress and the Cardiovascular and Digestive Systems

Note: If you have trouble viewing some of the course materials, install Quicktime and the Adobe Shockwave Player, both of which can be downloaded free from the Internet.

In this SLP we will investigate the effects of stress on the digestive system, including its effect on regulating blood sugar levels. As you can see, dysregulation of blood sugar levels can cause metabolic problems and unusually high or low blood sugar levels, such as in diabetes. View the trends for diabetes in America demonstrated in the graph.

Now continue to your readings for this SLP assignment:

Why We Gain Weight When We’re Stressed—And How Not To, in Psychology Today

Cortisol Connection: Tips on Managing Stress and Weight, by Christine A. Maglione-Garves, Len Kravitz, Ph.D., and Suzanne Schneider, Ph.D.

Part I: Stress and Weight Gain

Using complete sentences in paragraph format, address the following questions:

What hormones are implicated in the weight gain response that some individuals experience when stressed? Which type of stressor elicits this response? How does this influence fat deposition? What role do dietary choices and cravings play in stress-related weight gain?

Part II: Blood Sugar Regulation

Now review the article from the Dartmouth Undergraduate Science Journal:

The Physiology of Stress: Cortisol and the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis

How is the pathway described here different from those described in the first two articles? Which type of stressors influence the relationship between cortisol and insulin? Are the health risks different?

Part III: Conclusions

In a conclusion paragraph, compare and contrast the influence of short- and long-term stress effects on blood sugar regulation and fat deposition. Are these responses related to health risks in the cardiovascular system? Explain the connections between the body’s response to stress described in these articles and other health risks such a high cholesterol and hypertension.

SLP Assignment Expectations

Organize this assignment using the subtitles that summarize each group of questions. Answer each question under the subtitle using complete sentences that relate back to the question. Be sure to include a references section at the end of your assignment that lists the websites and articles used above and any additional resources you used to research your answers. Follow the format provided in the Background page.

What is neurogenesis and where does it occur in the brain?

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Continue your investigation of the effects of stress on brain function and behavior. Read more about the hippocampus, amygdala, and prefrontal cortex in these articles:

“How to Prevent Stress from Shrinking Your Brain,” in Psychology Today

“Stress Effects on Structure and Function of Hippocampus,” by the Rockefeller University

Answer the following questions in paragraph format to write an essay about the findings reported by these articles:

Introduction Paragraph:

First, do some research on how the amygdala, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex communicate and result in normal behavioral response. You will begin your reading on the amygdala by following this link. After reading this section, click on several other structures in the brain at the end of the page to read about the interactions between these three regions. Briefly describe this pathway and the behavior that results from the interaction of these regions using the format and requirements outlined below.

Body Paragraph 1

Summarize the effects of glucocorticoids on the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex reported in the article How to Prevent Stress from Shrinking Your Brain.

Body Paragraphs 2 and 3

What effect on hippocampal cells have stress hormones had in recent studies described by Stress Effects on Structure and Function of Hippocampus? What effect have they had on the amygdala in studies? What are the implications of these effects? HINT: What are the functions of the regions and how might they be affected by changes in their structure?

Body Paragraph 4

What is neurogenesis and where does it occur in the brain? What effect on the regeneration of hippocampal cells is reported in this article? What is the mechanism?

Conclusion Paragraph 1

Summarize the effects of cortisol on this pathway by describing how PTSD can result from perpetuated cortisol release and how this can result in depression by activating and/or reinforcing depression pathways.

Conclusion Paragraph 2

Describe the methods proposed to counteract the negative effects of chronic stress in How to Prevent Stress from Shrinking Your Brain.

SLP Assignment Expectations

For this assignment, write an essay using the outline above. You are provided with many scholarly references to complete this assignment. Include a References section that lists these and any additional sources you used (refer to the Background page). For any additional research you are required to do to complete your assignment, please use scholarly references such as a peer-reviewed journal article or a government-sponsored or university-sponsored website. As you read through your sources, take notes from your sources and then write your paper in your own words, describing what you have learned from your research. Direct quotes should be limited and must be designated by quotation marks. Paraphrased ideas must give credit to the original author, for example (Murray, 2014). Direct copying from “homework help” websites will not receive credit.

Analyze their replies and discuss what this might imply about how this disorder is known and perceived by the general public.

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Assignment 1: Common Disorders

 

Choose one of the seven disorders you read about in this unit: Fragile X syndrome, ADHD, Turner syndrome, Down syndrome, Williams syndrome, autism, and FAS. Respond to the following questions using the disorder you chose.

Your friend Alice tells you that her daughter Lauren has been recently diagnosed with this disorder. Alice would like more details and comes to you for information.

Provide a brief description of the disorder.

Ask three friends or family members who are not in the field of medicine or psychology what they know about the cause and symptoms of the disorder. Analyze their replies and discuss what this might imply about how this disorder is known and perceived by the general public.

 

Alice expresses guilt that she may have caused Lauren’s disorder and is also concerned that it might occur again in future offspring. What would you advise her in terms of preventive actions, available testing, and reproduction options?