sample

SAMPLE

STUDENT NAME

AFFILIATION

NAME

Sample analysis of a cross sectional study

RESPIRATORY NON RESPIRATORY TOTAL

SMOKERS 700 400 1100

NON SMOKERS (1000-700)=300 2600 2900

TOTAL 1000 3000 4000

Note

Probability=P Smokers=x Non smokers=y Non respiratory=p Respiratory =r

P x= (1100/4000) =0.28

P y= (2900/4000) =0.73

There is a higher probability of being a non smoker than being a smoker under normal circumstances.

Pp= (1000/4000) =0.25

P r= (3000/4000) =0.75

There is a higher probability of getting a respiratory under both non smoking and smoking environment. It depends on the environment but there is a higher chance o getting a respiratory disease in a smoking environment

Probability of smoking and non respiratory disease

P (x and p) = (0.28*0.25)/0.53=0.14

Probability of smoking and getting a respiratory disease

P (x and r) = (0.28*0.75)/1.03=0.21

There is a higher chance of getting a respiratory disease when smoking than when individuals do not smoke.

Probability of not smoking and non respiratory disease

P (y and p) = (0.73*0.25)/0.98=0.27

Probability of non smoking and respiratory disease

P (y and r) = (0.73*0.75)/1.48=0.38

There is a higher probability of getting a respiratory disease in the environment. The reason is that most non smokers are passive smokers and are likely to inhale more during their daily activities. In the above ratio there is a higher probability of having no respiratory disease when you are a non smoker. The analysis shows that smokers have a higher probability of getting respiratory diseases with a ratio of 0.21 to 0.38.

REFERENCE

Cross sectional study.