Iam replying to my peer’s post on ADHD

NU-664C-02-23PCS3 FamilyPsychiatric Ment.Hlth I

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3. NU-664C-02-23PCS3
4. Week 14: ADHD
5. Week 14: Group-Facilitated Discussion 1 – Group 5

Week 14: Group-Facilitated Discussion 1 – Group 5

Done: Make forum posts: 1

Value: 100 points

Due: Facilitating group to post by Day 1; all other students post to facilitating group discussion prompt by Day 4 and reply to at least two other peer posts by Day 7

Grading Category: Group Facilitated Discussions

Initial Post: Created by Facilitating Group

This is a student-led discussion.

• Please review the Week 7 Get Started: Group-Facilitated Communication Board and Instructions for assignment guidelines for this discussion to ensure that you have met all the criteria.
• The facilitating group should choose one member from their group who will be responsible for the initial post.
• On Day 1 of this week, the chosen group member will create an initial post that is to include the group’s discussion prompts, resources, and the instructions for what your classmates are to do with the resources.
• During this week, each member of your group is to participate in the facilitation of the discussion. This means making certain that everyone is engaged, questions from students are being answered, and the discussion is expanding.
• It is the expectation that the facilitating group will address all initial peer response posts by Day 7.

Reply Posts: Non-Facilitating Students

• If you are not a member of the facilitating group, you are to post a discussion prompt response according to the facilitating group’s instructions by Day 4. Your reply posts should include substantive reflection directed to the presenters.
• You are also expected to respond to at least two other peers’ initial discussion prompt posts.
• Pick out an idea from your peers’ initial post that you find most interesting and tell how you will use this information in practice.

Please refer to the Grading Rubric for details on how this activity will be graded. The described expectations meet the passing level of 80%. Students are directed to review the Discussion Grading Rubric for criteria which exceed expectations.  

This is my peer’s post I am replying

Re: Week 14: Group-Facilitated Discussion 1 – Group 5

by Trisha Antoine – Thursday, 3 August 2023, 6:30 PM

Researchers have found that in the United States of America, ADHD is usually diagnosed around 6 years of age. Sainsbury et al. (2023) has found that “ADHD is defned by a triad of core symptoms that include inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity which impairs a child’s functioning across multiple environments” (p. 2173). Researchers have also found that most children have a co-occurring disorder of autism with ADHD. They have also found that children with ADHD and autism receive their ADHD diagnosis between 1 and 1.8 years earlier than children with single diagnosis of ADHD. Symptoms usually present prior to age 12.The Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham scale version IV (SNAP-IV) is an assessment tool that is commonly used to diagnose ADHD. According to Lucio et al. (2022), the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham scale version IV (SNAP-IV)“ is a widely used DSM-based rating scale The factorial validity of the intended structure of the instrument (i.e., three correlated factors, inattention—INA; hyperactivity-impulsivity—HI; and opposition-defance—OD) was confirmed in community-based and clinical samples of children from the United States, Taiwan, Japan, and Brazil, but not from Norway, where the bi-factor model best fitted the data (p. 489-490). Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Screening Inventory-Retrospect (CAPSI-R) is another screening tool that I see myself using in practice. Ritcher et al. (2020) states that the Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Screening Inventory-Retrospect (CAPSI-R) “is a questionnaire consisting of 146 items for adults concerning earlier child psychiatric symptoms, including ADHD symptoms” (p. 24).The earliest age methylphenidate is FDA-approved to treat ADHD is six years of age. Along with this medication, researchers believed that other treatments should include intense multimodal behavior therapy, a combination of both treatments and, also standard community care. Stammschulte et al. (2022) states that in terms of methylphenidate, “the primary pharmacological effects are an increase of dopamine and norepinephrine in the cortex and striatum by blocking the reuptake into sympathetic neurons. Dysfunction in these dopamine and norepinephrine systems, which are involved in the regulation of executive and attentional function, likely accounts for some of the pathophysiology of ADHD” (p. 939).ReferenceLúcio, P. S., Eid, M., Cogo-Moreira, H., Puglisi, M. L., & Polanczyk, G. V. (2022). Investigating the Measurement Invariance and Method-Trait Effects of Parent and Teacher SNAP-IV Ratings of Preschool Children. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 53(3), 489–501. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-021-01145-2Richter, M., Spangenberg, H., Ramklint, M., & Ramirez, A. (2020). The clinical relevance of asking young psychiatric patients about childhood ADHD symptoms. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 74(1), 23–29. https://doi.org/10.1080/08039488.2019.1667427Sainsbury, W. J., Carrasco, K., Whitehouse, A. J. O., & Waddington, H. (2023). Parent-reported Early Atypical Development and Age of Diagnosis for Children with Co-occurring Autism and ADHD. Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders, 53(6), 2173–2184. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-022-05488-0Stammschulte, T., Pitzer, M., Rascher, W., Becker, M., Pohlmann, U., Ostermayer, S., & Kerst, G. (2022). Acute myocardial infarction due to spontaneous coronary artery dissection in a 6-year-old boy with ADHD on the third day of treatment with methylphenidate. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 31(6), 939–945. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-021-01729-2*Hanging indentation not retained for references*

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