NU-664C-02-23PCS3 FamilyPsychiatric Ment.Hlth I
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- Week 12: Mood Disorders—Bipolar Spectrum
- Week 12: Group-Facilitated Discussion 1 – Group 3
Week 12: Group-Facilitated Discussion 1 – Group 3
To do: Make forum posts: 1
Value: 100 points
Due: Facilitating group to post by Day 1; all other students post to facilitating group discussion prompt by Day 4 and reply to at least two other peer posts by Day 7
Grading Category: Group Facilitated Discussions
Initial Post: Created by Facilitating Group
This is a student-led discussion.
- Please review the Week 7 Get Started: Group-Facilitated Communication Board and Instructions for assignment guidelines for this discussion to ensure that you have met all the criteria.
- The facilitating group should choose one member from their group who will be responsible for the initial post.
- On Day 1 of this week, the chosen group member will create an initial post that is to include the group’s discussion prompts, resources, and the instructions for what your classmates are to do with the resources.
- During this week, each member of your group is to participate in the facilitation of the discussion. This means making certain that everyone is engaged, questions from students are being answered, and the discussion is expanding.
- It is the expectation that the facilitating group will address all initial peer response posts by Day 7.
Reply Posts: Non-Facilitating Students
- If you are not a member of the facilitating group, you are to post a discussion prompt response according to the facilitating group’s instructions by Day 4. Your reply posts should include substantive reflection directed to the presenters.
- You are also expected to respond to at least two other peers’ initial discussion prompt posts.
- Pick out an idea from your peers’ initial post that you find most interesting and tell how you will use this information in practice.
Please refer to the Grading Rubric for details on how this activity will be graded. The described expectations meet the passing level of 80%. Students are directed to review the Discussion Grading Rubric for criteria which exceed expectations.
This is my peer’s post
Re: Week 12: Group-Facilitated Discussion 1 – Group 3
by William Nichols – Monday, 17 July 2023, 1:41 PM
Introduction
Hi group 3, thanks for your informative discussion with valuable resources to learn how to better understand bipolar disorder and its treatments including risk factors, treatment and how adverse childhood experiences play a factor in this psychiatric disorder. In this post I will respond to your questions in regard to bipolar disorder.
What are the differences, if any, of the risk factors of bipolar disorders in children and adolescents with various ethnic backgrounds?
According to Rowland & Marwaha (2018) studies are conflicting if there is a component of predisposition to bipolar and ethnicity finding that some studies showed Caucasians had a higher predisposition, while other studies showed the opposite. Some other factors that pose challenges to answering this question is there a mis diagnosis within ethnic minorities which can impact our data Rowland & Marwaha, 2018). Other countries may not have the proper resources or trained professionals to get an official diagnosis of bipolar.
What effect does Adverse Childhood Events have on children and adolescents with diagnosis of mood disorders, particularly Bipolar disorders?
Adverse childhood experience have been found to play a significant role in bipolar disorder and its presentation. Li et al. (2023) found that patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder who had more severe trauma such as neglect, physical, emotional, and sexual abuse negatively impact the clinical mood features of bipolar such as causing stronger mood instability. Other interesting information I found in regards to childhood trauma and bipolar is Li et al. (2023) found that the age of onset of bipolar disorder is impacted by adverse childhood experience which causes an earlier presentation of symptoms for bipolar disorder.
Once you have evaluated and diagnosed a child with bipolar disorder what will be your course of treatment? What would be your course of treatment for an adolescent? Will you plan treatment with medications or therapy? Or both? Why or why not?
When treating a child or adolescent who has been diagnosed with bipolar disorder the American psychological association recommends combination treatment of psychotherapy and medication. We all know treating the adolescent population has its challenges of medication adherence and one intervention found was motivational interviewing on mood stabilizers and medication adherence which improved medication compliance (Goldstein et al., 2020). Cognitive behavioral therapy in children age 7 to 13 lasting about 12 sessions including teaching about the illness, learning skills so the child can help regulate their emotion, and also teach parents skills were also found to be successful (American psychological association, 2020). The only FDA approved medication for children to treat mania is lithium, for older children and Zyprexa as a second line, but should be avoided if possible due to increase risk of the child developing diabetes when they get older (Psychopharmacology, 2019).
What screening tools will you use to evaluate a child or adolescent for bipolar? What signs or symptoms might you notice when seeing a patient with bipolar disorder? How can you differentiate between bipolar disorder and depression in a youth?
The modo disorder questionnaire- adolescent has been found to better detect bipolar in adolescents due to integrating parent and teacher responses as well over the mood disorder questionnaire (Miguez et al. 2013). Differentiating bipolar and depression in youth can be challenging, but we need to look for those periods of elevated mood. It is a continuous challenge as some children are always on the go and naturally active. It has also been found through neuroimaging that bipolar and unipolar depression can be differentiated in the cortical-limbic-striatal neuronal system in the brain shown via MRI imaging (Kelberman et al. 2021).
References
American Psychological Association. (2020). Treating bipolar disorder in kids and teens. Monitor on Psychology. https://www.apa.org/monitor/2020/10/ce-corner-bipolar
Goldstein TR;Krantz ML;Fersch-Podrat RK;Hotkowski NJ;Merranko J;Sobel L;Axelson D;Birmaher B;Douaihy A; (n.d.). A brief motivational intervention for enhancing medication adherence for adolescents with bipolar disorder: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of affective disorders. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31957686/
Kelberman, C., Biederman, J., Green, A., Spera, V., Maiello, M., & Uchida, M. (2021). Differentiating bipolar disorder from unipolar depression in youth: A systematic literature review of neuroimaging research studies. Psychiatry research. Neuroimaging, 307, 111201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pscychresns.2020.11120
Li, T., Mao, Z., Zhao, L., Sun, Y., Wang, C., & Bo, Q. (2023). Childhood trauma and its influence on the clinical features of bipolar disorder. Child Abuse & Neglect, 141, 106203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106203
Miguez, M., Weber, B., Debbané, M., Balanzin, D., Gex, F. M., Raiola, F., Barbe, R. P., Bennour, M. V., Ansermet, F., Eliez, S., & Aubry, J. (2013). Screening for bipolar disorder in adolescents with the Mood Disorder Questionnaire—Adolescent version (MDQ-A) and the Child Bipolar Questionnaire (CBQ). Early Intervention in Psychiatry, 7(3), 270–277. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-7893.2012.00388.x
Psychopharmacology Institute. (2019). https://psychopharmacologyinstitute.com/section/childhood-and-adolescent-bipolar-mania-approved-agents-and-treatment-algorithm-2507-4721#:~:text=Unlike%20bipolar%20depression%2C%20lithium%20is,in%20case%20of%20comorbid%20psychosis.
Rowland, T. A., & Marwaha, S. (2018). Epidemiology and risk factors for bipolar disorder. Therapeutic advances in psychopharmacology, 8(9), 251–269. https://doi.org/10.1177/2045125318769235
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