1) **********minimum 2 full pages: 1 pages each document) ( not words)**************************** (cover or reference page not included)

2)¨**********APA norms  (All paragraphs must be narrative and cited in the text- each paragraphs)

3)********** It will be verified by Turnitin and SafeAssign

4) References not older than 5 years

5) Each answer must be identified according to the question number. Check the list of questions. Your answer should start objectively answering the question

Question:

1)…………

2)…………

3)…………

Answer:

1)…………

2)…………

3)…………

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You must answer (3) question 2 times. 

You must submit 2 documents (each one page).

Copy and paste will not be admitted. 

You should address the questions with different wording, different references, but always, objectively answering the questions.

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Case:

Academic Integrity in Nursing Education: Is it Declining?

A group of nursing students are in the middle of an exam when two students witness another student pull out his phone and look up answers. Neither student informs the faculty member but after the exam they discuss what they witnessed.

Questions:

1. Describe the most common forms of cheating in the classroom and in the clinical area.

2. What should the nursing students do in regard to what they witnessed during the exam?

3. Why is it important for them to do anything?

Search the GCU Library and find two new health care articles that use quantitative research. Do not use articles from a previous assignment, or articles that appear in the Topic Materials or textbook.

Complete an article analysis for each using the “Article Analysis: Part 2” template.

Refer to the “Patient Preference and Satisfaction in Hospital-at-Home and Usual Hospital Care for COPD Exacerbations: Results of a Randomised Controlled Trial,” in conjunction with the “Article Analysis Example 2,” for an example of an article analysis.

While APA style is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and documentation of sources should be presented using APA formatting guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. Refer to the LopesWrite Technical Support articles for assistance.

Walter is 16-year-old biracial male. His dad is African American and is an executive. His mom is White and a kindergarten teacher. Walter and his parents relocated from the Midwest to the South due to his dad accepting a job in a Metropolitan area but purchased a home in a small rural Southern city. Walter’s parents tried to provide him as much normalcy as possible. He has a great relationship with both his mom and dad’s family. Racial issues were not discussed often in his home and he has had no experience with racism.

After moving to his new city as a teenager, Walter encountered some challenges. Walter’s previous schools his friends were from different cultural backgrounds. At his new school, the majority of the students are White and he is having a hard time fitting in. He had an incident at the school where a White student used a racial epithet when describing him. This resulted in a physical confrontation and Walter was suspended. The principal said he was the aggressor and overreacted.

Walter has an interest in science. When he spoke to his guidance counselor about taking a physics course next year, he was informed the class was difficult and he probably would not be able to keep up. Little did the teacher know that Walter has always been an honor roll student and excelled in his Advanced Placement Math and Science courses at his previous school. Walter often hears students making insensitive comments about the racial conflicts happening in the U.S. and some even making racial remarks towards the first Black president of the United States.

Walter finds himself being followed when he goes into stores. He was pulled over one day by the local police. Walter felt he was racially profile as the officer could not explain what he had done wrong, and instead questioned Walter about whose car he was driving, where he was going, and why he was in the neighborhood.

Walter is experiencing feelings of anger, confusion, and sadness. He refuses to speak to his parents about what is happening to him. It is starting to impact his academic performance and his self-worth. His mom tried talking to him but his response was, “you cannot understand what I’m going through because you are White.”

For this Assignment answer the following questions in details explaining how you would assist both Walter and his parents:

1. As a bicultural child, what are some of the challenges and injustices Walter is experiencing and may experience as he transitions into adulthood?
2. How can you help both Walter and his parents draw on their cultural strengths to creatively address these life challenges?
3. Cross-cultural work with bicultural families should employ strategies that focus on developing positive feelings about membership in both parents’ groups. Discuss how you would teach Walter’s parents to confront devaluing or mixed racial messages, freeing children from racialized loyalty binds, and having open and direct conversations about race.
4. Describe the approach you would use in your intervention at all levels of Walter’s system including individual, family, community, social networks, support systems, school, and society.

Provide appropriate citations and references in APA Style formatting to reference the text or any other outside source in your answers. Your assignment should be 4–6 pages long.  Your writing should be in Standard American English and be clear and specific with few errors

Discussion: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics

As an advanced practice nurse assisting physicians in the diagnosis and treatment of disorders, it is important to not only understand the impact of disorders on the body, but also the impact of drug treatments on the body. The relationships between drugs and the body can be described by pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.

Pharmacokinetics describes what the body does to the drug through absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, whereas pharmacodynamics describes what the drug does to the body.

When selecting drugs and determining dosages for patients, it is essential to consider individual patient factors that might impact the patient’s pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes. These patient factors include genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, behavior (i.e., diet, nutrition, smoking, alcohol, illicit drug abuse), and/or pathophysiological changes due to disease.

For this Discussion, you reflect on a case from your past clinical experiences and consider how a patient’s pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes may alter his or her response to a drug.

To Prepare

· Review the Resources for this module and consider the principles of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.

· Reflect on your experiences, observations, and/or clinical practices from the last 5 years and think about how pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic factors altered his or her anticipated response to a drug.

· Consider factors that might have influenced the patient’s pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes, such as genetics (including pharmacogenetics), gender, ethnicity, age, behavior, and/or possible pathophysiological changes due to disease.

· Think about a personalized plan of care based on these influencing factors and patient history in your case study.

Assignment

Post a description of the patient case from your experiences, observations, and/or clinical practice from the last 5 years. Then, describe factors that might have influenced pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes of the patient you identified. Finally, explain details of the personalized plan of care that you would develop based on influencing factors and patient history in your case. Be specific and provide examples.

Learning Resources

Required Readings (click to expand/reduce)

Rosenthal, L. D., & Burchum, J. R. (2018). Lehne’s pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice providers. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.

· Chapter 1, “Prescriptive Authority” (pp. 1–3)

· Chapter 2, “Rational Drug Selection and Prescription Writing” (pp. 5–9)

· Chapter 3, “Promoting Positive Outcomes of Drug Therapy” (pp. 11–16)

· Chapter 4, “Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Interactions” (pp. 17–40)

· Chapter 5, “Adverse Drug Reactions and Medical Errors” (pp. 41–49)

· Chapter 6, “Individual Variation in Drug Response” (pp. 51–56)

American Geriatrics Society 2019 Beers Criteria Update Expert Panel. (2019). American Geriatrics Society 2019 updated AGS Beers criteria for potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 67(4), 674–694. doi:10.1111/jgs.15767

American Geriatrics Society 2019 updated AGS Beers criteria for potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults by American Geriatrics Society, in Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, Vol. 67/Issue 4. Copyright 2019 by Blackwell Publishing. Reprinted by permission of Blackwell Publishing via the Copyright Clearance Center.

This article is an update to the Beers Criteria, which includes lists of potentially inappropriate medications to be avoided in older adults as well as newly added criteria that lists select drugs that should be avoided or have their dose adjusted based on the individual’s kidney function and select drug-drug interactions documented to be associated with harms in older adults.

Drug Enforcement Administration. (n.d.-a). Code of federal regulations. Retrieved February 1, 2019, from https://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/21cfr/cfr/1300/1300_01.htm

This website outlines the code of federal regulations for prescription drugs.

Drug Enforcement Administration. (n.d.-b). Mid-level practitioners authorization by state. Retrieved May 13, 2019 from http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/drugreg/practioners/index.html

This website outlines the schedules for controlled substances, including prescriptive authority for each schedule.

Drug Enforcement Administration. (2006). Practitioner’s manual. Retrieved from http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/pubs/manuals/pract/index.html

This manual is a resource for practitioners who prescribe, dispense, and administer controlled substances. It provides information on general requirements, security issues, recordkeeping, prescription requirements, and addiction treatment programs.

Drug Enforcement Administration. (n.d.-c). Registration. Retrieved February 1, 2019, from https://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/drugreg/index.html

This website details key aspects of drug registration.

Fowler, M. D. (2015). Guide to the code of ethics for nurses with interpretive statements: Development, interpretation, and application. Silver Spring, Maryland: American Nurses Association, 2015. 

This resource introduces the code of ethics for nurses and highlights critical aspects for ethical guideline development, interpretation, and application in practice.

Institute for Safe Medication Practices. (2017). List of error-prone abbreviations, symbols, and dose designations. Retrieved from https://www.ismp.org/recommendations/error-prone-abbreviations-list

This website provides a list of prescription-writing abbreviations that might lead to misinterpretation, as well as suggestions for preventing resulting errors.

Ladd, E., & Hoyt, A. (2016). Shedding light on nurse practitioner prescribing. The Journal for Nurse Practitioners, 12(3), 166–173. doi:10.1016/j.nurpra.2015.09.17

This article provides NPs with information regarding state-based laws for NP prescribing.

Sabatino, J. A., Pruchnicki, M. C., Sevin, A. M., Barker, E., Green, C. G., & Porter, K. (2017). Improving prescribing practices: A pharmacist‐led educational intervention for nurse practitioner students. Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners, 29(5), 248–254. doi:10.1002/2327-6924.12446

The authors of this article assess the impact of a pharmacist‐led educational intervention on family nurse practitioner (FNP) students’ prescribing skills, perception of preparedness to prescribe, and perception of pharmacist as collaborator.