To make curriculum accessible to English language learners (ELLs), teachers must be able to integrate strategies to help them develop social and academic language skills in English, and provide support by using comprehensible input and scaffolding. Accommodations should be based on current theories and research in language and literacy development, and they should address the interrelationship between culture and language.

For this assignment, you will read the Classroom Scenario

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from Pathways to teaching series: Practical strategies for teaching English language learner, in which Mr. O’Malley is a teacher of a mainstream 6th grade classroom with two ELLs in it, Maria and Mikhail. In a five- to eight-page paper, complete the following:

PART 1: Analysis

Analyze the scenario by addressing the following:

• Conduct a needs analysis of the two ELLs, Maria and Mikhail. What do you know about their backgrounds? What are their current levels of English language development (i.e., Which of the five stages of language development is each one at?)? What evidence do you have for assigning them to these levels?
• Identify the strategies the Mr. O’Malley is currently using in the scenario to help Maria and Mikhail to develop their social and academic language skills in English. Do you think that these strategies are effective? Why or why not?
• Discuss any current theories and research in ELL development that relate to the strategies that Mr. O’Malley is currently using with Maria and Mikhail.

Provide specific examples to support your points. Make sure to discuss the teacher’s or students’ actions in the scenario, and align them to specific concepts learned during the course. Whenever appropriate, use course vocabulary to demonstrate your knowledge of how it is applied and activated in the field.

PART 2: Action Plan

Discuss the next steps the teacher should take to best facilitate effective language development for Maria and Mikhail in his classroom. Be sure to properly cite sources of information that support your suggestions. Your action plan must include the following components:

• Identify and describe at least one, but no more than two, standards that address 6th grade English language development or content. You may use either Common Core Standards or state ELD standards.
• Describe two standards-based interventions/activities for each of the two ELL students based on the needs analysis that you completed in Part 1.  (You may use the same standards for both students, but the interventions/activities that you describe should be different for each student since they are not at the same level of English development.)  Explain why you are suggesting each of the interventions/activities (i.e., Why you  think they will be effective to help Maria and Mikhail move to the next level of language development?)
• For each of the four interventions/activities, explain how you applied fundamental theories of ELL English language development and instruction to inform your thinking.
• Finally, what advice would you give Mr. O’Malley about working with ELLs? What are his current strengths as a teacher? What kinds of skills and knowledge could he still learn about so he understands better how to teach ELLs? What kinds of professional development might he benefit from to become more effective as a teacher of ELLs?

Writing the Final PaperThe Final Paper:

• Must be five to eight double-spaced pages in length, and formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
• Must include a title page with the following:
  • Title of paper
  • Student’s name
  • Course name and number
  • Instructor’s name
  • Date submitted
• Must begin with an introductory paragraph that has a succinct thesis statement.
• Must address the topic of the paper with critical thought.
• Must end with a conclusion that reaffirms your thesis.
• Must use at least two scholarly sources in addition to the text and required Curtin article.
• Must document all sources in APA style, as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
• Must include a separate reference page, formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.

• Watch the http://presentations.inxpo.com/Shows/Laureate/HostedVideos/on_PhDVirtualResidency_r2s2a/LaureateVideo.html

• For the methodologies under consideration, what rationale is provided for the given research question?
• What key questions are raised when comparing different methodologies?

• Review the Research Methodology Characteristics handout attached

2.    Complete Research Question Alignment Activity for your college:

o   Research Question Alignment Social and Behavioral Sciences

3.    After completing the assignments above and in consideration of your own research area (victim participation in criminal justice) post 1- to 2- questions you have, regarding research methodology characteristics and alignment

Question 1

“I am the greatest!” a famous boxer declared loudly and often. Had he in fact acted throughout his adult life as though he were the greatest, the most appropriate personality disorder diagnosis would be:

Answer   A. histrionic.                            

  B. antisocial.

  C. narcissistic.

  D. impulse-control.

.1 points  

Question 2

“That’s it!” says your friend, the psychotherapist. “I can’t work with that client. As soon as I show any empathy at all, it becomes almost impossible to challenge the client, and the client keeps calling me at all hours of the day.” Most likely, this is a client with:

Answer   A. antisocial personality disorder.

  B. obsessive-compulsive personality disorder.

  C. borderline personality disorder.

  D. schizotypal personality disorder.

.1 points  

Question 3

A client is initially very resistant to therapy, cannot acknowledge weaknesses, and ignores feedback. Most likely, the client is experiencing:

Answer   A. narcissistic personality disorder, and will make a great deal of progress in therapy.

  B. schizoid personality disorder, and will not make much progress in therapy.

  C. schizoid personality disorder, and will make a great deal of progress in therapy.

  D. narcissistic personality disorder, and will not make much progress in therapy.

.1 points  

Question 4

An individual diagnosed with schizoid personality disorder reports having a great deal of difficulty figuring out how others feel, and as a child had difficulty developing adequate language skills. These findings would make the most sense to a theorist with which background?

Answer   A. cognitive

  B. sociocultural

  C. biological

  D. psychodynamic

.1 points  

Question 5

According to DSM-IV-TR, a personality disorder must “deviate markedly from the expectations of a person’s culture.” This implies that different cultures may not see some behaviors as symptoms of personality disorders. What does the research in this area show?

Answer   A. A great deal of research has been done, and almost all the research shows differing cultural expectations.

  B. A great deal of research has been done, and some research shows differing cultural expectations.

  C. There has been little research done, and so far none of the research shows differing cultural expectations.

  D. There has been little research done, but some research shows differing cultural expectations.

.1 points  

Question 6

A high school student asks a guidance counselor, parents, and friends for suggestions before deciding on a college to attend, and on an academic major. This student’s behavior is:

Answer   A. normal for those in high school.

  B. reflective of an anxiety disorder, not of dependent personality disorder.

  C. typical of those who will develop dependent personality disorder.

  D. typical of those with dependent personality disorder.

.1 points  

Question 7

Group therapy is particularly useful in the treatment of avoidant personality disorder primarily because group therapy:

Answer   A. involves an eclectic combination of theoretical approaches.

  B. allows those in the group to see that others have avoidant personality disorder, too.

  C. requires attendance at therapy sessions.

  D. provides practice in social interactions.

.1 points  

Question 8

Digressive and vague language with loose associations accompanied by attention and concentration problems are characteristic of:

Answer   A. schizoid personality disorder.

  B. paranoid personality disorder.

  C. avoidant personality disorder.

  D. schizotypal personality disorder.

.1 points  

Question 9

Behavioral and cognitive theorists propose that people who develop narcissistic personality disorder may have been treated:

Answer   A. too positively in early life.

  B. too negatively in early life.

  C. either too positively or too negatively in early life.

  D. ambiguously and neglectfully in early life.

.1 points  

Question 10

An individual with a diagnosed personality disorder is jealous and sensitive, as well as extremely self-critical. This person’s diagnosis is likely to be which of the following personality disorders?

Answer   A. histrionic

  B. antisocial

  C. borderline

  D. narcissistic

.1 points  

Question 11

The consistencies of one’s personality are called:

Answer   A. inherited characteristics.

  B. learned responses.

  C. personality traits.

  D. personality typologies.

.1 points  

Question 12

Sarah respects none of society’s boundaries and is insensitive to other people, frequently violating their rights. She does not consider the consequences of her actions. She experiences:

Answer   A. histrionic personality disorder.

  B. schizotypal personality disorder.

  C. antisocial personality disorder.

  D. schizoid personality disorder.

.1 points  

Question 13

In the United States, most teenagers have cell phones and text. Which of the following MOST accurately describes adult usage?

Answer   A. Most have cell phones, and most of them text.

  B. Most do not have cell phones, so most do not text.

  C. Most have cell phones, but most of them do not text.

  D. About half have cell phones, but most of them do not text.

.1 points  

Question 14

When Selina sees a report of a train wreck on television, she thinks that it is a sign that she should not take the train to work the next day. She takes the bus instead. If she has a diagnosable personality disorder, it is most likely:

Answer   A. schizoid personality disorder.

  B. schizotypal personality disorder.

  C. paranoid personality disorder.

  D. avoidant personality disorder.

.1 points  

Question 15

The type of therapy that generally provides the least help for those with schizoid personality disorder is:

Answer   A. behavioral.

  B. cognitive.

  C. drug.

  D. None of the other alternatives provide help for those with schizoid personality disorder.

.1 points  

Question 16

The personality disorders that generally are most responsive to psychotherapy are:

Answer   A. “anxious”

  B. “dramatic”

  C. “odd”

  D. All of these alternatives are about equally responsive to psychotherapy.

.1 points  

Question 17

The enduring pattern of inner experiences and outward behavior that is unique to each individual is termed:

Answer   A. character.

  B. individuality.

  C. personality.

  D. a trait.

.1 points  

Question 18

You might suspect an “era of narcissism” is approaching for a country when:

Answer   A. the sale of “inspirational” DVDs, books, and tapes suddenly increases.

  B. there is increasing emphasis on self-expression and competitiveness.

  C. preferences in women’s and men’s clothing undergo substantial shifts.

  D. there is a decline in materialism and individualism.

.1 points  

Question 19

Which of the following statements is most accurate regarding antisocial personality disorder?

Answer   A. Most who have it are not treated, but most who are treated are helped substantially.

  B. Most who have it are treated, but most who are treated are not helped much.

  C. Most who have it are treated, and most who are treated are helped substantially.

  D. Most who have it are not treated, and most who are treated are not helped much.

.1 points  

Question 20

Which category of personality disorder contains the disorders MOST commonly diagnosed?

Answer   A. “anxious”

  B. There are no clear differences among the categories in terms of frequency of diagnosis.

  C. “dramatic”

  D. “odd”

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