The point is to demonstrate an understanding about how personality development moves through stages, according to Erikson.  When describing Erikson’s theory, in addition to the age range and stages, include the following concepts:   

Epigenetic Principle, Syntonic and Dystonic elements, Basic Strengths and Core Pathologiy.

When comparing Freud and Erikson, compare and contrast the 5 stages of Freud’s theory with the 8 stages of Erikson’s theory.  See chart in assignment instructions.

After the title page and introduction section, an example of the headings that could be used include the following:                                                                    Observations and Interviews                               Erikson’s Stages of Development                                           Freud vs. Erikson                                          Self-Observations                                               Conclusion

Assignment 2: LASA 1: Development Throughout the Lifespan

Erikson and Freud are two of the few theorists who have developed a lifespan approach to development. Freud’s approach to development was psychosexual while Erikson’s was psychosocial. Even though Freud’s theory is better known, Erikson’s theory remains a leading and very much applied model in personality and developmental psychology today.

When considering these two stage-oriented theories, you can directly compare the majority of their stages. These are matched in the following table:

When considering Erikson’s eight stages of development, the way a person moves through each stage directly affects their success in the next stage.

Their personality is being built and shaped with each stage. At each stage, there is a turning point, called a crisis by Erikson, which a person must confront. 

• Summarize what you have learned about psychosocial development through these observations/interviews.
• Summarize the trends you see in your observations/interviews regarding psychosocial development.
• How does movement through Erikson’s stages influence personality development? Again, be specific.
• How do Erikson’s stages of development compare to Freud’s stages? How are they similar? How are they different?
• Between these two theories, which one do you feel best explains your own personality development? Justify your answers with specific examples.

Write a 3–4-page paper in Word format. Insert your chart at the end of your paper. Apply APA standards to citation of sources.   

INCLUDE A REFERENCE LIST, USINGI APA STYLE FORMAT

In neuroscience and psychophysics, an absolute threshold was originally defined as the lowest level of a stimulus – light, sound, touch, etc. – that an organism could detect (Wiki).

Most of our senses have minimum thresholds in which we can perceive input (e.g. vision, sound, door). This is usually a function of how many sensor neutrons we have and there is some variation between different people. These thresholds were part of our evolutionary past in that the sensory threshold levels we currently have were useful and kept us alive (for the most part).

Sublimation is a defense mechanism where emotional energy is transformed and applied to socially acceptable activity.

Examples could include:

An angry pianist will not hurt the person he is angry with, but will instead release his anger into playing the piano.

A person will not speak directly of his disappointment, but will use sarcasm in to express his disappointment.

Research and Ethics in Psychology

Developmental psychology attempts to understand cognitive, physical, and social-emotional development throughout the lifespan. In order to understand, for example, how maternal stress during pregnancy might impact the child later in life, pregnant women and children could be studied. Vulnerable populations, such as pregnant women, newborns, children, cognitively impaired individuals, incarcerated individuals, or older adults, require additional consideration and protection when planning to conduct research with them.

When conducting research in the field of human development, particularly with vulnerable populations, it is important to keep in mind that a unique set of ethical considerations should be taken into account. These populations need extra care to ensure their rights because some individuals may lack the mental capacity to give informed consent, may have decreased free will, or may be vulnerable in terms of their physical or mental welfare. As you approach this Discussion, keep in mind how ethical considerations might have affected the type of research that could be conducted.

For this Discussion, you will examine the role of ethics in developmental psychology research as it relates to vulnerable populations.

To prepare for this Discussion:

• Review the example of a Discussion post and response found in this week’s Learning Resources as well as the Discussion Rubric to understand the Discussion’s expectations.
• Review the Learning Resources related to ethics and research in the field of developmental psychology
• Choose a population from the following:
  • Children
  • Women who are pregnant
  • Geriatric individuals
  • Individuals with cognitive disabilities
  • Adolescents

By Day 4

Based on the population you selected, post an explanation of the role of ethics in developmental psychology research with attention to the characteristics of this vulnerable population. Be specific in your post and use the Learning Resources to support your post. Use proper APA format and citations to support your explanation.

By Day 6

Respond to a post from at least one of your colleagues who selected a population different from that of your Discussion post and add one additional ethical consideration.

Return to this Discussion in a few days to read the responses to your initial posting and respond to any questions. Note what you have learned and/or any insights that you have gained as a result of your colleagues’ comments.

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