Post-traumatic Stress Disorder also known as PTSD is the mental disorder that can occur with, or under the threat of death, sexual violence and severe injury. PTSD can also be experienced by people who have witnessed a distressing event. These traumatic events could be natural disaster, a grave accident, an act of terrorism, war/fighting or violation.

Most people who go through traumatic events may have temporary difficulty adjusting and coping, but with time and good self-care, they usually get better. If the symptoms get worse, last for months or even years, and interfere with your day-to-day functioning, you may have PTSD.

People with PTSD have intense, disturbing thoughts and sentiments long after the trauma has ended. They can look back, remember the event, feel sorrow, fear or anger and they usually isolate themselves from others. PTSD individuals can prevent or remind people of trauma and can react severely to a loud noise or accident.

A diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder requires exposure to an upsetting traumatic event. However, the exposure could be indirect rather than first hand. For example, PTSD could occur in an individual learning about the violent death of a close family or friend. It can also occur as a result of repeated exposure to horrible details of trauma such as police officers exposed to details of child abuse cases.

Symptoms and Diagnosis

Symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder fall into four categories. Specific symptoms can vary in severity.

1. Intrusion: Intrusive thoughts such as repeated, involuntary memories; distressing dreams; or flashbacks of the traumatic event. Flashbacks may be so vivid that people feel they are re-living the traumatic experience or seeing it before their eyes.
2. Avoidance: Avoiding reminders of the traumatic event may include avoiding people, places, activities, objects and situations that may trigger distressing memories. People may try to avoid remembering or thinking about the traumatic event. They may resist talking about what happened or how they feel about it.
3. Alterations in cognition and mood: Inability to remember important aspects of the traumatic event, negative thoughts and feelings leading to ongoing and distorted beliefs about oneself or others (e.g., “I am bad,” “No one can be trusted”); distorted thoughts about the cause or consequences of the event leading to wrongly blaming self or other; ongoing fear, horror, anger, guilt or shame; much less interest in activities previously enjoyed; feeling detached or estranged from others; or being unable to experience positive emotions (a void of happiness or satisfaction).
4. Alterations in arousal and reactivity: Arousal and reactive symptoms may include being irritable and having angry outbursts; behaving recklessly or in a self-destructive way; being overly watchful of one’s surroundings in a suspecting way; being easily startled; or having problems concentrating or sleeping.

Many people who are exposed to a traumatic event experience symptoms similar to those described above in the days following the event. For a person to be diagnosed with PTSD, however, symptoms must last for more than a month and must cause significant distress or problems on the individual’s daily functioning. Many individuals develop symptoms within three months of the trauma, but symptoms may appear later and often persist for months and sometimes years. post-traumatic stress disorder often occurs with other related conditions, such as depression, substance use, memory problems and other physical and mental health problems.

All healthcare organizations require  nurse leaders to administer staff individuals. The resigning attendant accomplice addresses the greatest test for supplier associations who will encounter a huge convergence of unpracticed nursing ability that will in the end contain a large portion of the United States enlisted nursing pool. These conditions make the development of new attendant pioneers fundamentally significant. Thus, different nursing advocates have shaped unions to grow new pioneers.

Effective nursing leadership is essential to optimizing the delivery of healthcare services in medical institutions of all sizes.

The world needs nurse leadership now more than ever before. Consider the current talent gap in health care. Today’s nursing shortage is only projected to grow as the baby boomer generation ages. There is an increasing demand for care while also a significant number of knowledgeable and experienced nurses transitioning into retirement.

Relatively new nurses will soon represent nearly half the population of practicing RNs, which makes nurse training and management, clinical standard leadership, and the professional development of new nurse leadership all the more important.

Combine these demographics with the current value-based trend in which reimbursement is tied to outcomes, and you get a set of needs that equal huge career opportunities for nurse leaders.

Nurse leaders can study interdisciplinary leadership techniques and use them in practice to ensure that their teams are motivated to provide the highest quality of care for their patients.

Before you begin developing nurse leadership skills, you must learn the skills, traits, and competencies that lead to effective nurse leadership. That’s not always easy to do when you’re working a full-time job.

In light of this, the accompanying nine characteristics help nursing chiefs in gathering the goal of encouraging new authority ability.

Characteristics of a Nurse Leader

1. Passionate Intelligence

In clinical settings, nurture pioneers work intimately with students to assist them with creating passionate knowledge. Such help encourages companions to adapt to the stressors that present during routine difficulties. Attendant pioneers help learners in dealing with those difficulties and other counterproductive impacts that can bring about enthusiastic fatigue and helpless group joint effort.

2. Uprightness

Respectability for one’s self and among charges is an essential target for nurture pioneers. Individual uprightness helps nurture professionals in settling on the correct decisions during basic crossroads in patients’ treatment plans. Furthermore, viable pioneers adjust to utilize, and instruct, morally feasible practices that empower youngster nurture pioneers to settle on protected and viable consideration choices naturally.

3. Basic Thinking

Medical caretaker pioneers manage unpolished professionals in the utilization of basic speculation to build up their capacity to settle on choices dependent on an unpredictable exhibit of elements. This ability is indispensable in a medical services climate with expanding occurrences of multidisciplinary coordinated effort. The developing pattern of self-rule for medical caretakers additionally makes basic reasoning an important expert ability for professionals.

4. Commitment to Excellence

Medical caretaker pioneers are focused on their energy and reason and represent this through their constancy in the providing care setting. To cultivate this quality among new medical attendants, pioneers may evaluate exhibitions quarterly. Notwithstanding the method used to improve nurture execution, all medical caretaker pioneers show their charges commitment to greatness by conveying first class administration so students can gain from their models.

5. Good communication skills

The current multidisciplinary treatment climate incredibly builds the significance of coordinated effort in the consideration supplier setting. To encourage cooperation, nurture pioneers orchestrate learners to go to adjusts while drawing in with different clinical experts, for example, uphold staff, essential consideration suppliers, and senior chiefs. Some medical services associations likewise build up enlistment maintenance groups, who may participate in these rounds with learners.

6. Socializing professionally

During preparing, nurture pioneers acquire an extreme comprehension of patient-nurture elements. Medical caretaker pioneers center around growing how students draw in with patients after the emergency cycle. Viable medical caretaker pioneers distinguish freedoms to grow new hierarchical pioneers during this learning cycle.

7. Respectful

Attendant pioneers are enthusiastic, powerful influencers who move change in others and, simultaneously, win the regard and trust of their charges. To achieve this, pioneers show correspondence strategies, for example, two-way correspondence and rewording to advance a work environment climate where partners connect each other in a beneficial, positive way. By seeing each other’s conditions, students acquire regard for their companions and medical attendant pioneers.

8. Mentorship

Medical caretaker pioneers convey inspirational systems that take into account the individual characters of their students. By enabling students and directing them toward understanding their jobs as care suppliers, nurture pioneers develop a climate of ceaseless learning. While compelling medical attendant pioneers bend over backward to recognize learning openings, they give students enough self-rule so they don’t feel micromanaged.

9. Polished skill

Nursing is a unique calling that requires capable, sure administration. As authoritative pioneers, these experts address the nursing field at essentially every expert purpose of contact inside the association. This will increment in importance as medical attendant pioneers wind up addressing the field in the meeting room all the more as often as possible as time pushes ahead.

Nursing authority will change hands to another age of nursing ability throughout the following decade. These experts will assume an indispensable part in liaising among medical attendants and chief pioneers in the developing medical care climate. Accordingly, it is important that nurse leaders begin developing their substitutions now and that the new age of medical practitioners seek after cutting edge preparing, for example, Doctor of Nursing Practice accreditation, that will permit them to practice to the full degree of their capacities.

When you take up a nursing course, then you should expect so much workload. The academic work is to prove to the lecturers that they understand the course material. Nursing is a serious profession. What nursing research students do is ensure that they master the dosages and diagnoses which they’ll use in their nursing career.

Although students may find it possible to write certain medical papers, a research proposal in the field has proved to be difficult to achieve. Instead of working with a task in which they do not have the expertise, nursing students should seek out the best APA research proposal to help them gain high qualifications in their examinations.

Nursinghomeworks.com gives customized writing services for nursing and medical students that have been praised as reliable and high-quality in the past and current times. We have more than 150 native speakers, who can handle every nursing writing task in the United States and Europe. The firm was created to meet the growing needs of students for reliability and quality in the nursing sector.

This gap has paid off since most of the students with whom we have worked with are not only highly qualified university graduates, but they immediately joined the nursing profession. It will be easy for a prospective employer to view you as a potential scholar who contributes to the field of knowledge if you have an impressive nursing research paper.

When you come to our site, we help you get the best APA healthcare research proposal. Also, you are able to work with a top writer of your choice to communicate with and clarify your instructions. Our expert team of writers has extensive knowledge of the industry and can help you in every type of writing, it doesn’t matter if you are a professional or a student.

We have writers who are committed to their work and they are always on demand because they have at least an undergraduate degree in nursing. So we are not recruiting average writers. In addition, we see an experienced writer in the nursing and nursing industries as being sure that he is aware of the dynamics in the field.

What does it mean for our potential customers? You don’t have to worry about an ability you do not have, put your focus on patients, and let us write your healthcare assignments. We are passionate, skilled and experienced writers, because we believe a student is only looking for help when they are stuck in APA nursing research, but they still want a high grade.

We are one of the only companies who think it is not right to buy the best proposal online for APA nursing research. Therefore, we encourage our customers to order nursing papers to avoid the last-minute despair that often forces them to buy pre-written nursing papers. We work from scratch on all papers to make sure that each customer receives a unique document to meet their needs.

Free APA project proposal template is available on our site to customers. The template can be used to learn how to work if you plan to write your proposals in the field of nursing. You can also look at our examples in our APA research proposal format before placing your order. This will give you an idea of what to expect. Below are reasons as to why you should consider our services:

Advantages of using our Services

1. Plagiarism free

A close look at the samples of nursing proposals which we provide our customers show how thorough our writer is with every order. They have thousands of sources which are based on the wisdom of the nursing proposal. In addition, we have a rigorous quality process, including editors, proofreaders and a software that checks plagiarism.

2. An APA nursing research proposal

Each order is treated exclusively because we believe every customer has different needs. Therefore, you can be sure that you will receive a paper that meets your expectations when you come to us with any research topic in nursing.

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As we write the best APA nursing research proposal for you, we value your feedback and opinion as well. So we allow an unlimited number of revisions.

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Do not spend most of your time wondering who’s going to help you do your assignment. Whether it is a proposal for a nursing project or any other nursing paper, contact our customer support team. They operate 24/7 and are ready to help you get the best support for APA research proposal.

Anxiety is a normal and often healthy emotion. However, when a person regularly feels disproportionate levels of anxiety, it might become a medical disorder.

Anxiety disorders form a category of mental health diagnoses that lead to excessive nervousness, fear, apprehension, and worry

These disorders alter how a person processes emotions and behave, also causing physical symptoms. Mild anxiety might be vague and unsettling, while severe anxiety may seriously affect day-to-day living.

Anxiety disorders affect 40 million people in the United States. It is the most common group of mental illnesses in the country. However, only 36.9 percent of people with an anxiety disorder receive treatment.

What is anxiety?

Knowing the difference between normal feelings of anxiety and an anxiety disorder requiring medical attention can help a person identify and treat the condition.

In this article, we look at the differences between anxiety and anxiety disorder, the different types of anxiety, and the available treatment options.

When does anxiety need treatment?

While anxiety can cause distress, it is not always a medical condition.

Anxiety

When an individual faces potentially harmful or worrying triggers, feelings of anxiety are not only normal but necessary for survival.

Since the earliest days of humanity, the approach of predators and incoming danger sets off alarms in the body and allows evasive action. These alarms become noticeable in the form of a raised heartbeat, sweating, and increased sensitivity to surroundings.

The danger causes a rush of adrenalin, a hormone and chemical messenger in the brain, which in turn triggers these anxious reactions in a process called the “fight-or-flight’ response. This prepares humans to physically confront or flee any potential threats to safety.

For many people, running from larger animals and imminent danger is a less pressing concern than it would have been for early humans. Anxieties now revolve around work, money, family life, health, and other crucial issues that demand a person’s attention without necessarily requiring the ‘fight-or-flight’ reaction.

The nervous feeling before an important life event or during a difficult situation is a natural echo of the original ‘fight-or-flight’ reaction. It can still be essential to survival – anxiety about being hit by a car when crossing the street, for example, means that a person will instinctively look both ways to avoid danger.

Anxiety disorders

The duration or severity of an anxious feeling can sometimes be out of proportion to the original trigger, or stressor. Physical symptoms, such as increased blood pressure and nausea, may also develop. These responses move beyond anxiety into an anxiety disorder.

The APA describes a person with anxiety disorder as “having recurring intrusive thoughts or concerns.” Once anxiety reaches the stage of a disorder, it can interfere with daily function.

Symptoms

While a number of different diagnoses constitute anxiety disorders, the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) will often include the following:

• restlessness, and a feeling of being “on-edge”
• uncontrollable feelings of worry
• increased irritability
• concentration difficulties
• sleep difficulties, such as problems in falling or staying asleep

While these symptoms might be normal to experience in daily life, people with GAD will experience them to persistent or extreme levels. GAD may present as vague, unsettling worry or a more severe anxiety that disrupts day-to-day living.

Causes

The causes of anxiety disorders are complicated. Many might occur at once, some may lead to others, and some might not lead to an anxiety disorder unless another is present.

Possible causes include:

• environmental stressors, such as difficulties at work, relationship problems, or family issues
• genetics, as people who have family members with an anxiety disorder are more likely to experience one themselves
• medical factors, such as the symptoms of a different disease, the effects of a medication, or the stress of an intensive surgery or prolonged recovery
• brain chemistry, as psychologists define many anxiety disorders as misalignments of hormones and electrical signals in the brain
• withdrawal from an illicit substance, the effects of which might intensify the impact of other possible causes

ExpertsTrusted Source do not know what causes OCD, but there are various theories. Genetic, neurological, behavioral, cognitive, and environmental factors may all contribute.

Genetic causes

OCD appears to run in families, suggesting a possible genetic link, which experts are investigating.

Imaging studiesTrusted Source have suggested that the brains of people with OCD function with characteristic differences. Genes that affect how the brain responds to the neurotransmitters dopamine and serotonin, for example, may play a role in causing the disorder.

Autoimmune-related causes

Sometimes, symptoms of OCD appear in children after an infection, such as:

• group A streptococcal infections, including strep throat
• Lyme disease
• the H1N1 flu virus

Clinicians sometimes call this occurrence of OCD symptoms pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS).

In a child with PANS, the symptoms start suddenly and reach full intensity within 24–72 hours. They may then disappear but return at a later date.

Behavioral causes

One theory suggests that a person with OCD learns to avoid fear associated with certain situations or objects by performing rituals to reduce the perceived risk.

The initial fear may begin around a period of intense stress, such as a traumatic event or significant loss.

Once the person associates an object or circumstance with this feeling of fear, they begin to avoid that object or situation in a way that comes to characterize OCD.

This may be more common among people with a genetic predisposition for the disorder.

Cognitive causes

Another theory is that OCD starts when people misinterpret their own thoughts.

Most people have unwelcome or intrusive thoughts at times, but for people with OCD, the importance of these thoughts becomes more intense or extreme.

Take the example of a person caring for an infant while under intense pressure and having intrusive thoughts of accidentally harming the baby.

A person might usually disregard these thoughts, but if the thoughts persist, they may take on unwarranted significance.

A person with OCD may become convinced that the action in the thought is likely to happen. In response, they take excessive, continual action to prevent the threat or danger.

Environmental causes

Stressful life events may trigger OCD in people with a predisposition, genetic or otherwise.

Many people have reported that the symptoms appeared within 6 months of events such as:

• childbirth
• complications during pregnancy or delivery
• a severe conflict
• a serious illness
• a traumatic brain injury

Also, OCD may occur alongside post-traumatic stress disorder, or PTSD.

Diagnosis

Doctors look for specific criteria when diagnosing OCD, including:

• the presence of obsessions, compulsions, or both
• obsessions and compulsions that are time-consuming or cause significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important settings
• OCD symptoms that do not result from the use of a substance or medication
• OCD symptoms that cannot be better explained by another health issue

Many other disordersTrusted Source, such as depression and anxiety, have similar features to OCD, and they can also occur alongside OCD.

Treatment

There are effective treatments for OCD. The right approach depends on the person’s set of symptoms and the extent that they affec the person’s life and well-being. Some effective optionsTrusted Source include:

Cognitive behavioral therapy

This type of psychotherapy, sometimes called CBT, can help a person change the way that they think, feel, and behave.

It may involve two different treatmentsTrusted Source: exposure and response prevention (ERP) and cognitive therapy.

ERP involves:

• Exposure: This exposes the person to situations and objects that trigger fear and anxiety. Over time, through a process called habituation, repeated exposure leads to a decrease or disappearance of the anxiety.
• Response: This teaches the person to resist performing compulsive behaviors.

Cognitive therapy starts by encouraging the person to identify and reevaluate their beliefs about the consequences of engaging or refraining from engaging in compulsive behavior.

Next, the therapist encourages the person to:

• examine the evidence that supports and does not support the obsession
• identify cognitive distortions relating to the obsession
• develop a less threatening alternative response to the intrusive thought, image, or idea

Medications

A number of drugsTrusted Source can help treat OCD, including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), which are a type of antidepressant.

Some examples include:

• escitalopram (Lexapro)
• fluvoxamine (Luvox)
• paroxetine (Paxil)
• fluoxetine (Prozac)
• sertraline (Zoloft)

A doctor may prescribe a higher dosage to treat OCD, compared with depression. Still, a person may not notice results for up to 3 monthsTrusted Source.

About half of all peopleTrusted Source with OCD do not respond to SSRI treatment alone, and doctors may also prescribe antipsychotic medications.

Also, in 2010, some researchers noted that the tuberculosis drug D-cycloserine (Seromycin) alongside CBT may help treat OCD. It may also helpTrusted Source people with social anxiety.

Outlook

If a person with mild OCD does not receive treatment, the symptoms may still improve. However, without treatment, symptoms of moderate or severe OCD do not improve and may worsen.

Treatment can be effective, but it is an ongoing process. In some people, OCD symptoms reappear later in life.

Anyone who may be experiencing OCD should receive professional care and guidance.