Research Proposal Project: Data Analysis Plan

(related to Order #NH42824)

This is last part of research proposal assignment. For this section, you will carefully design a plan for analyzing your quantitative data. Explain in detail how you will go about analyzing your data. Be sure to:

• -Include definitions of all variables
• -Identify your null hypothesis and research hypothesis
• -Include the type of analysis to be conducted (correlation, t-test, confidence interval, regression, ANOVA, ANCOVA, etc.)
• -Explain why this type of analysis is most appropriate for your research
• -Identify the significance level (typically set to .05, but may be set to .01 or .10)
• -Explain what results you are looking for in your quantitative study (how will you know if you will accept or reject your null and research hypothesis?)
•  

APA formatting, references, and citations are required.

Analysis

David Wilson has been elected to the board of trustees of the Houston Community College System. A year later, Wilson claimed that some board members had broken the bylaws and publicly criticized the board and school. Lawsuits against Wilson were filed in state court. By the board’s decision, Wilson was barred from serving as an officer and ordered to cease his actions. Wilson argued that the censure infringed on his constitutional rights to free speech and equal protection. The case was transferred to federal district court, where it was dismissed because Wilson could not show that he had been harmed and thus did not have the legal standing to continue the lawsuitsADDIN CSL_CITATION {“citationItems”:[{“id”:”ITEM-1″,”itemData”:{“abstract”:”This paper provides the first detailed empirical evidence of the labor-market returns to community college diplomas and certificates. Using detailed administrative data from Kentucky, we estimate panel-data models that control for differences among students in pre-college earnings and educational aspirations. Associate’s degrees and diplomas have quarterly earnings returns of nearly $2,000 for women, compared to returns of approximately $1,500 for men. Certificates have small positive returns for men and women in most specifications. There is substantial heterogeneity in returns across fields of study. Degrees, diplomas, and certificates all correspond with higher levels of employment.”,”author”:[{“dropping-particle”:””,”family”:”Jepsen”,”given”:”Christopher”,”non-dropping-particle”:””,”parse-names”:false,”suffix”:””},{“dropping-particle”:””,”family”:”Troske”,”given”:”Kenneth”,”non-dropping-particle”:””,”parse-names”:false,”suffix”:””},{“dropping-particle”:””,”family”:”Coomes”,”given”:”Paul”,”non-dropping-particle”:””,”parse-names”:false,”suffix”:””}],”container-title”:”houstonlawreview.org”,”id”:”ITEM-1″,”issued”:{“date-parts”:[[“2021″]]},”title”:”Censure as Speech? Houston Community College System v. Wilson and the Government Speech Doctrine”,”type”:”article-journal”},”uris”:[“http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=1c795233-afd2-3622-ad84-64487eb574db”]}],”mendeley”:{“formattedCitation”:”(Jepsen et al., 2021)”,”plainTextFormattedCitation”:”(Jepsen et al., 2021)”,”previouslyFormattedCitation”:”(Jepsen et al., 2021)”},”properties”:{“noteIndex”:0},”schema”:”https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json”}(Jepsen et al., 2021). After the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals overturned the decision and remanded the case back to the lower court for further proceedings, the decision was upheld. Free speech rights and limits on elected officials’ authority to censure a member for their speech are at the crux of the matter.

Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Rule 12(b) required the district court to dismiss Plaintiff’s 42 USC 1983 complaint because it lacked subject matter jurisdiction. The plaintiff argued that the HCC Board’s public censure of him infringed on his First Amendment rights.

It was found that the plaintiff had standing and a state law claim for Section 1983 relief for a First Amendment violation, according to the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals decision. Plaintiff claimed that the censure was issued in order to punish him for exercising his right to free speech, which caused him mental anguish, in this case ADDIN CSL_CITATION {“citationItems”:[{“id”:”ITEM-1″,”itemData”:{“DOI”:”10.4324/9780429427961″,”abstract”:”… According to a 2014 ABC/Washington Post poll, 54 percent of Americans believed that blacks and other minorities do not … Underlying these figures are stark racial differences in perceptions of American criminal justice … Islamic Law The founding of Islam in the sixth century …”,”author”:[{“dropping-particle”:””,”family”:”Tarr”,”given”:”G. Alan”,”non-dropping-particle”:””,”parse-names”:false,”suffix”:””}],”container-title”:”Judicial Process and Judicial Policymaking”,”id”:”ITEM-1″,”issued”:{“date-parts”:[[“2019″]]},”title”:”Judicial Process and Judicial Policymaking”,”type”:”book”},”uris”:[“http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=f948f370-b8e8-3cde-a982-156cf699b8ed”]}],”mendeley”:{“formattedCitation”:”(Tarr, 2019)”,”plainTextFormattedCitation”:”(Tarr, 2019)”,”previouslyFormattedCitation”:”(Tarr, 2019)”},”properties”:{“noteIndex”:0},”schema”:”https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json”}(Tarr, 2019). According to the court’s precedent, the plaintiff’s claim of retaliatory censure is sufficient to establish actual injury. Thus, the court overturned the section 1983 damages claim and remanded it back to the trial court. He can no longer pursue his claims for declaratory and injunctive relief because of his removal from the Board of Directors. This resulted in a partial dismissal of the plaintiff’s appeal and a directive to dismiss plaintiff’s declaratory and injunctive relief claims on remand from the district court. Is the First Amendment restricting an elected body’s ability to issue a censure resolution?

There is insufficient evidence to support claims of mental anguish damages from Wilson’s conclusory statements, according to HCC. There are no detailed factual allegations in a complaint, but it must provide the plaintiff with a basis for claiming relief, including facts that if assumed to be true would raise the plaintiff’s claim to relief above the speculation level. Wilson, as previously stated, has argued that his First Amendment rights were violated in 1983 ADDIN CSL_CITATION {“citationItems”:[{“id”:”ITEM-1″,”itemData”:{“DOI”:”10.1002/cc.20484″,”ISSN”:”0194-3081″,”abstract”:”As interest in reducing the nation’s incarceration rates grows, a shift in policy in favor of education for incarcerated individuals is occurring. This article focuses on the expansive role that community colleges have in offering educational opportunities to individuals in both jails and prisons around the country. This article provides an overview of the correctional education programs that are offered by community colleges, details the state and federal policies that impact these programs, and offers recommendations for key decision-makers, policymakers, and community college leaders.”,”author”:[{“dropping-particle”:””,”family”:”Thouin”,”given”:”Caroline”,”non-dropping-particle”:””,”parse-names”:false,”suffix”:””}],”container-title”:”New Directions for Community Colleges”,”id”:”ITEM-1″,”issue”:”196″,”issued”:{“date-parts”:[[“2021″,”12″]]},”page”:”69-79″,”publisher”:”Wiley”,”title”:”The impact of state and federal policies on community college correctional education programs”,”type”:”article-journal”,”volume”:”2021″},”uris”:[“http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=6a727be8-079f-30cd-b7cb-906246be53a1″]}],”mendeley”:{“formattedCitation”:”(Thouin, 2021)”,”plainTextFormattedCitation”:”(Thouin, 2021)”,”previouslyFormattedCitation”:”(Thouin, 2021)”},”properties”:{“noteIndex”:0},”schema”:”https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json”}(Thouin, 2021). That the defendant’s illegal actions have caused him mental anguish, he claims, and that he is entitled to $10,000 in damages for that anguish. Wilson’s claim for mental anguish damages is plausible based on the claims he has made in his pleadings.

On Wilson’s 1983 claim for damages, we REMAND the case and reverse the district court decision to dismiss the case because of lack of jurisdiction, in accordance with this opinion. In light of Wilson’s departure from the HCC Board of Trustees, his declaration and injunctive relief claims have become moot. To that end, we AGREE with HCC’s motion to dismiss Wilson’s appeal in part and direct the district court on remand to dismiss Wilson’s claims for declaratory and injunctive relief. According to this opinion, the case was remanded and a partial dismissal motion was granted.

Effect

The outcome of a case can have a significant impact on the parties’ actions in the future, as well as their assets, money, and mode of living. Court decisions have the most immediate and obvious ramifications. Trial and appellate courts enforce the laws enshrined in governing documents such as provisions of the constitution, statutory provisions, regulations and guidelines. It is through the decisions and interpretations of the judiciary that a policy is developed and put into action. This was the result of a decision made by the government. A court can declare a law or government action unconstitutional. As a result of judicial review, the federal courts have the power to interpret the Constitution. Litigation against government officials is a frequent topic in court decisions on constitutional rights, economic policy, due process, and other related issues. When federal judges decide whether laws or government actions are in conflict with the spirit of the Constitution, their decisions have a significant impact on the public policy. The majority opinion of a court is known as the majority opinion, and a dissenting opinion (or dissent) is an opinion written by one or more judges that expresses disagreement with the majority opinion. Many checks and balances and limitations are in place to limit its authority. A judge’s decisions are influenced by a variety of factors, including legal, personal, ideological, and political ADDIN CSL_CITATION {“citationItems”:[{“id”:”ITEM-1″,”itemData”:{“DOI”:”10.1002/cc.20484″,”ISSN”:”0194-3081″,”abstract”:”As interest in reducing the nation’s incarceration rates grows, a shift in policy in favor of education for incarcerated individuals is occurring. This article focuses on the expansive role that community colleges have in offering educational opportunities to individuals in both jails and prisons around the country. This article provides an overview of the correctional education programs that are offered by community colleges, details the state and federal policies that impact these programs, and offers recommendations for key decision-makers, policymakers, and community college leaders.”,”author”:[{“dropping-particle”:””,”family”:”Thouin”,”given”:”Caroline”,”non-dropping-particle”:””,”parse-names”:false,”suffix”:””}],”container-title”:”New Directions for Community Colleges”,”id”:”ITEM-1″,”issue”:”196″,”issued”:{“date-parts”:[[“2021″,”12″]]},”page”:”69-79″,”publisher”:”Wiley”,”title”:”The impact of state and federal policies on community college correctional education programs”,”type”:”article-journal”,”volume”:”2021″},”uris”:[“http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=6a727be8-079f-30cd-b7cb-906246be53a1″]}],”mendeley”:{“formattedCitation”:”(Thouin, 2021)”,”plainTextFormattedCitation”:”(Thouin, 2021)”,”previouslyFormattedCitation”:”(Thouin, 2021)”},”properties”:{“noteIndex”:0},”schema”:”https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json”}(Thouin, 2021). The court’s decisions have a direct impact on the policies that are implemented in the future. As part of a system of checks and balances, courts ensure that the Constitution and individual rights are protected. As new members are bringing fresh perspectives to the court’s composition, so can the constitutional rules that guide policy decisions. Police procedures, prison conditions, and other aspects of the criminal justice system are all impacted by these rules. What happens in a country’s legal system has an impact on how businesses operate there. International compliance and taxation laws are also influenced by such legal systems. Central and Eastern Europe is largely governed by civil law. Legal precedents established by courts form the basis of the common law, an unwritten code of conduct. If a statute or written rule of law cannot determine the outcome, common law can be used to guide the decision-making process in those rare cases. A country’s business practices are influenced by the common law and civil law systems. In addition, these legal systems have an impact on how international business is regulated in terms of compliance and taxation. As a general rule, a civil law system is more restrictive than a common law system. It is the responsibility of the Houston Community College (HCC) System to oversee the regional system of community colleges in Houston. Claiming the censure violated his First Amendment right to free speech, Wilson filed a lawsuit against HCC ADDIN CSL_CITATION {“citationItems”:[{“id”:”ITEM-1″,”itemData”:{“author”:[{“dropping-particle”:””,”family”:”Road”,”given”:”Cash”,”non-dropping-particle”:””,”parse-names”:false,”suffix”:””}],”id”:”ITEM-1″,”issued”:{“date-parts”:[[“0″]]},”title”:”Houston Community College System”,”type”:”article-journal”},”uris”:[“http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=46c0f29d-9b0b-3aeb-972c-f474a8bb2cdd”]}],”mendeley”:{“formattedCitation”:”(Road, n.d.)”,”plainTextFormattedCitation”:”(Road, n.d.)”,”previouslyFormattedCitation”:”(Road, n.d.)”},”properties”:{“noteIndex”:0},”schema”:”https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json”}(Road, n.d.). An appeals court overturned an earlier decision that had found against him in district court. On Nov. 2 of 2021.

REFERENCES

ADDIN Mendeley Bibliography CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Jepsen, C., Troske, K., & Coomes, P. (2021). Censure as Speech? Houston Community College System v. Wilson and the Government Speech Doctrine. Houstonlawreview.Org. https://houstonlawreview.org/article/29126.pdf

Road, C. (n.d.). Houston Community College System. Retrieved November 15, 2021, from https://ballotpedia.org/Houston_Community_College_System_v._Wilson

Tarr, G. A. (2019). Judicial Process and Judicial Policymaking. In Judicial Process and Judicial Policymaking. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429427961

Thouin, C. (2021). The impact of state and federal policies on community college correctional education programs. New Directions for Community Colleges, 2021(196), 69–79. https://doi.org/10.1002/cc.20484